Final answer:
Ionizing radiation can interfere with cell reproduction and destroy cell function, leading to various biological effects such as cancer. To meet ALARA standards, measures like using shielding materials and personal protective equipment can be taken.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ionizing radiation has two effects on cells: interference with cell reproduction and destruction of cell function. It affects molecules within cells, particularly DNA molecules.
The biological effects can include cancer, burns, and hair loss.
To meet ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) standards, various measures can be taken, such as using shielding materials, maintaining safe distances, reducing exposure time, and using personal protective equipment.