Final answer:
The assertion holds true: basic embedded systems can be governed by a dedicated program, typically integrated directly into the hardware.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement, A simple embedded system, with simple functionality, may be controlled by a special-purpose program or set of programs with no other software, is true. Embedded systems are specialized computer systems that are dedicated to performing specific tasks and can be controlled by software specifically designed for that purpose. These special-purpose programs are often embedded in the hardware itself and can be as simple as firmware, an operating system tailored to the application, or a bare-metal program that directly controls the hardware without needing any other software layers.
For instance, a microwave oven with an embedded system may run on a simple program tailored to handle timing and power controls for heating food. Additionally, a digital watch uses an embedded system that manages time display and user-input without the need for complex operating systems or application software.
It's important to note that these simple programs are rigorously designed to efficiently handle the dedicated functions of the embedded system, often with real-time constraints and limited computing resources.