Final answer:
The term to describe the foundational beliefs shared by most members of a society is 'culture,' which includes their shared practices, values, beliefs, and worldviews, leading to a dominant ideology known as hegemony.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term used to describe the foundational beliefs shared by most members of a society is culture. Culture encompasses the shared practices, values, beliefs, and worldviews of a group, including the narratives about social harmony and collective prosperity. These shared belief systems often influence the way information is interpreted and guide individual actions in various environments. Moreover, when an ideology becomes the dominant way nearly all people in society think about social reality, it is termed as hegemony.