Final answer:
The measurement of psychological traits and abilities is known as A. psychometrics, a field that studies psychological measurement and includes various types of assessments like IQ and personality tests.
Step-by-step explanation:
The measurement of psychological traits and abilities is referred to as psychometrics. Psychometrics is a field of study concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement, which includes the measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes, and personality traits. The development of psychometric tests has a deep history, originating with Sir Francis Galton in the late 1800s. However, reliable and standardized intelligence testing began with Alfred Binet in the early 1900s. The field has evolved to include various types of assessments, such as personality tests, IQ tests, and integrity tests, to evaluate abilities and traits for educational and employment purposes.