Final answer:
To combat issues in decentralized systems, strong management control techniques are necessary, including mechanisms for monitoring, enforcement, and incentivizing participation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The problems associated with decentralization can be combatted by having strong management control techniques in place. Decentralization often comes with benefits such as increased flexibility and faster decision-making, but can also lead to issues like collective action problems and increased transaction costs. To mitigate these issues, it's essential to establish robust monitoring and enforcement mechanisms. Techniques to define and understand problems can include detailed analysis and decision-making frameworks, while solutions to coordination issues may rely on delegated authority or group decision-making processes. The free rider problem is another common challenge in decentralized systems, which can be addressed by incentivizing participation and establishing punitive measures for non-cooperation. Overall, maintaining a successful decentralized system requires careful balance and design of control mechanisms to manage the inherent complexity.