Final answer:
Teacher modeling, questioning, quality responding, peer interactions and discussion, and reflective journals are key characteristics of a student-centered and inquiry-based classroom.
Step-by-step explanation:
The key characteristics of the type of classroom suggested by the question are teacher modeling, questioning, quality responding, peer interactions and discussion, and reflective journals. These characteristics are commonly associated with a student-centered and inquiry-based approach to teaching and learning. In such a classroom, the teacher serves as a guide and facilitator, encouraging students to explore concepts, ask questions, engage in discussions with peers, and reflect on their learning through journals.