Question

_____ challenges the behaviorist conviction that learning always results either from associating an event with an unconditioned stimulus or from shaping by reinforcement or punishment.

a. Social learning theory
b. Operant conditioning theory
c. Classical conditioning theory
d. Cognitive learning theory

Answer 1

Cognitive learning theory challenges the behaviorist view by incorporating mental processes like memory and thinking into the concept of learning, beyond just stimulus-response associations.

Step-by-step explanation:

The theory that challenges the behaviorist conviction that learning always results either from associating an event with an unconditioned stimulus or from shaping by reinforcement or punishment is d. Cognitive learning theory. Unlike classical and operant conditioning, which are both forms of associative learning where associations are made between events that occur together, cognitive learning involves understanding, knowing, anticipating, or mentally processing information. Cognitive learning theory suggests that learning involves the use of memory, motivation, thinking, and reflection, not just stimulus-response patterns.