Final answer:
Reduced prices, introductory prices, and e-coupons are collectively known as discounts, promotions, and incentives. These are tactics to encourage purchases and increase sales. An economist might refer to a 'good deal' as consumer surplus.
Step-by-step explanation:
A reduced price, an introductory price, and e-coupons used to encourage someone to make an online purchase can be classified as all of the above: discounts, promotions, and incentives. These are strategies used by businesses to attract customers and increase sales. Discounts signify a reduction in the regular price, promotions are marketing strategies to raise awareness or stimulate interest in a product, and incentives are offers designed to motivate the customer to take immediate action, such as making a purchase.
When a shopper gets a "good deal" on a product, an economist might describe this as consumer surplus, which is the difference between the highest price a consumer is willing to pay and the actual price they pay. For example, if a student uses an online textbook retailer and finds a lower price compared to the campus bookstore, they are achieving savings. However, the availability of textbooks and prompt delivery are crucial to genuinely benefit from these online retailers.