Final answer:
The historical period that followed the fall of Rome and preceded the rise of feudalism is the Middle Ages. Feudalism emerged after the fall of the Roman Empire, and this era experienced substantial political and cultural development despite being viewed as the 'Dark Ages' by Renaissance thinkers. The correct option is D.
Step-by-step explanation:
The historical period that followed the fall of Rome and preceded the rise of feudalism is commonly referred to as the Dark Ages or Middle Ages. However, in the context of the given choices, the correct answer would be Middle Ages. Feudalism developed after the collapse of the Roman Empire, during which time various barbarian tribes established themselves in former Roman territories.
The term 'Dark Ages' was coined by Renaissance humanists who viewed the period as a time of cultural and intellectual decline, but modern historians recognize that the era had its own rich culture and significant developments.
Throughout the Middle Ages, Europe lacked a dominant centralized power and experienced significant political and military discord. The societal structure of this period laid the groundwork for the feudal system, where powerful lords offered protection in return for service or labour. This period spanned from roughly the 5th century with the fall of the Western Roman Empire until the 15th century, leading up to the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery.