Final answer:
When the volume in the chamber increases, the rates of vaporization and condensation reach a steady state at equilibrium.
Step-by-step explanation:
When the volume in the chamber increases, it affects the rates of vaporization and condensation. As the volume increases, the number of molecules in the vapor phase also increases. This results in an increase in the number of collisions between vapor-phase molecules and the surface, which leads to an increase in the rate of condensation.
However, the rate of evaporation, which depends on the surface area of the liquid, remains constant. Eventually, a steady state is reached where the rate of evaporation equals the rate of condensation. At this point, the pressure over the liquid stops increasing and remains constant, reaching equilibrium.
So, when the volume in the chamber increases, the rates of vaporization and condensation eventually return to equilibrium by reaching a steady state where the rate of evaporation equals the rate of condensation.
After an increase in chamber volume, the vaporization rate remains constant while the condensation rate initially decreases. Over time, condensation catches up as more vapor molecules accumulate, leading to a new dynamic equilibrium with a constant vapor pressure.
The process of reaching equilibrium after an increase in the volume of the chamber involves changes in the rates of vaporization and condensation. When the volume increases, the immediate effect is that vaporization continues at a constant rate (as it depends only on the liquid's surface area and temperature), while the rate of condensation temporarily drops because the vapor molecules are now more spread out.
Over time, the number of vapor molecules will build up again in the larger volume until the rate of condensation rises enough to match the rate of vaporization. Once the rates of vaporization and condensation are equal, the system will have reached a new dynamic equilibrium, and the vapor pressure will become constant, characterizing the dynamic nature of the equilibrium where vaporization and condensation continue at equal rates.
This process is a fundamental concept in understanding vapor pressure and phase transitions within a closed system.