Final answer:
Prokaryotes undergo binary fission which involves cytokinesis but not mitosis, with a protein called FtsZ facilitating the division of cell contents.
Step-by-step explanation:
While mitosis does not occur in prokaryotes because they lack a nucleus and complex chromosomal structure, prokaryotes do undergo a cell division process that includes cytokinesis. The process by which prokaryotes divide is called binary fission. Unlike eukaryotic cells that go through mitosis followed by cytokinesis, prokaryotic cell division involves the replication of the single, circular DNA chromosome followed by the allocation of the DNA and cytoplasmic contents into two daughter cells. A protein ring called FtsZ directs bacterial cytokinesis, and as the ingrowth of membrane and cell wall material proceeds from the periphery of the cells, a septum forms that ultimately constructs the separate cell walls of the offspring cells.