Final answer:
Scientists use statistical methods, mathematical models, and graphical analysis to analyze and validate experimental data and accept or reject hypotheses.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mathematical tools used by scientists to analyze the validity of experimental data and accept or reject hypotheses include statistical methods, mathematical models, and graphical analysis.
Statistical methods involve analyzing the data using techniques such as hypothesis testing, which helps determine if there is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
Mathematical models are used to represent the relationships between variables in the experiment, and graphical analysis involves visualizing the data through graphs and charts to understand trends and patterns.