Final answer:
Positive punishment, negative punishment, extinction, and response cost are four different types of punishers that can be used to decrease undesirable behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
Four different types of punishers:
- Positive Punishment: This involves the application of an aversive stimulus to decrease a behavior. An example that is not mentioned in the chapter is giving extra homework as a consequence for not completing an assignment.
- Negative Punishment: This involves the removal of a desirable stimulus to decrease a behavior. For example, taking away a teenager's phone privileges as a consequence for breaking curfew.
- Extinction: This involves removing all reinforcement to decrease a behavior. An example could be not giving attention to a child who is throwing a tantrum.
- Response Cost: This involves removing a specific reinforcer to decrease a behavior. For instance, deducting points from a student's grade for talking in class.