Final answer:
Petrification is the geological process where an organism's tissue is replaced with minerals such as silica or pyrite, potentially preserving fine cellular details.
Step-by-step explanation:
The geological process that involves the replacement of the shell, bone, or other tissue of an organism with another mineral is known as B) Petrification. During petrification, the original skeletal material of the organism is substituted on a molecule-by-molecule basis by secondary minerals such as silica (quartz), pyrite, dolomite, and hematite. Remarkably, this process can retain some of the fine cellular detail of the original specimen, even though the material composition has changed.