Final answer:
Adolescents' self-esteem benefits from warm and healthy parent-child relationships, which support their growing independence and contribute to positive outcomes such as academic success.
Step-by-step explanation:
Across all demographic groups, self-esteem is enhanced when adolescents experience warm and healthy parent-child relationships. These relationships contribute to positive child outcomes, such as better grades and fewer behavior problems, and are instrumental in fostering a robust self-concept from toddlerhood through adolescence. During adolescence, in particular, the peer group's influence grows; however, parental influence remains significant and balanced with that of peers. A positive self-concept, which is critical during the psychosocial changes of this life stage, can be supported by affirming the adolescent's strengths and facilitating identity formation, leading to a healthier and more productive societal contribution from the young individual.