Final answer:
Specialized receptor cells such as mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors act as sensory organelles, with mechanisms like mechanically gated channels and hair cells in the organ of Corti responding to mechanical and chemical stimuli to transduce sensory information.
Step-by-step explanation:
The organelles that act as sensory organelles, monitoring mechanical and chemical properties of the extracellular fluid, are specialized receptor cells such as mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors.
Mechanoreceptors are sensory receptors modified to respond to mechanical disturbances such as touch, pressure, motion, and sound. They can be found in the skin, where they sense touch, and also in the inner ear, where they help in maintaining balance and hearing.
Chemoreceptors, on the other hand, respond to chemical stimuli and play crucial roles in taste and smell. In the inner ear, the hair cells in the organ of Corti, which are mechanoreceptors, respond to fluid movements within the cochlea, inducing a sensory response. This response is crucial for auditory perception as they transduce the mechanical stimuli into electrochemical signals that the nervous system can interpret.