Final answer:
Shame and guilt can develop during the preschool years as children face the task of initiative versus guilt. Over-controlling parents can stifle a child's initiative and lead to feelings of guilt.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the preschool years, shame and guilt can develop as children face the task of initiative versus guilt. According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, preschool children who successfully learn to plan and achieve goals while interacting with others develop a sense of self-confidence and purpose. However, if a child's initiative is stifled or misfires, they may develop feelings of guilt
For example, over-controlling parents can stifle a child's initiative by excessively directing their activities or not allowing them to independently make decisions. This can lead to a child feeling guilty for expressing their own desires or taking initiative.