Final answer:
The clergymen are referring to 'Actions causing discord and unrest' that can lead to violence, often caused by polarizing rhetoric and religious intolerance as seen in historical and modern contexts. The correct option is b.
Step-by-step explanation:
The clergymen are referring to actions that invoke hostility and may lead to violence, which means they are talking about Actions causing discord and unrest. Such actions may not necessarily be violent themselves, but they can incite violence and hatred by creating polarizing situations or by spreading harmful rhetoric. This could involve religious leaders influencing their followers against other groups, as illustrated by historical events of religious intolerance like the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre or modern-day examples such as extremist groups advocating for violent measures to further their beliefs.
The correct option is b.