Answer:
In Europe, the printing press did not appear until 150 years after Wang Chen’s innovation. Goldsmith and inventor Johannes Gutenberg was a political exile from Mainz, Germany when he began experimenting with printing in Strasbourg, France in 1440. He returned to Mainz several years later and by 1450, had a printing machine perfected and ready to use commercially: The Gutenberg press.
Gutenberg revolutionized printing by replacing wood with metal and using individual letter blocks, creating movable type in Europe. He employed replica casting to produce large quantities of type, speculated to involve sand-casting for metal molds. His ink adhered to metal, and he adapted a winepress for flattening paper, ensuring his printing press worked smoothly.