Research shows that police are much more likely to take formal action if: a. the crime is serious b. the crime has been reported by a victim who is a respected member of the community c. if the offender is well known to them d. all of the above increase the likelihood of police taking formal action? 1) a. the crime is serious 2) b. the crime has been reported by a victim who is a respected member of the community 3) c. if the offender is well known to them 4) d. all of the above increase the likelihood of police taking formal action