Answer:
B. France and Austria-Hungary
Step-by-step explanation:
During the Italian Risorgimento, which was a period of political and social upheaval in Italy that lasted from the late 18th to the early 20th century, the Italian city-states faced opposition from a number of neighboring powers. Two of the biggest obstacles to the Italian Risorgimento were France and Austria-Hungary.
France, under Napoleon Bonaparte and later the restored Bourbon monarchy, saw the emergence of a united Italy as a potential threat to its own interests in the region. France opposed the Risorgimento and actively worked to prevent the formation of a united Italy.
Austria-Hungary was also a major obstacle to the Risorgimento. The Austro-Hungarian Empire controlled much of Northern Italy and was opposed to the idea of a united Italy, as it would mean the loss of its territories in the region. Austria-Hungary also feared that a united Italy would become a powerful rival in the region.
Both of these neighboring countries had their own interests to protect and saw the Risorgimento as a potential threat to those interests.