The most probable and likely answer to this problem along with the presented options would be the first option which is 3.
Aristotle contributed to the science of taxonomy when he classified animals in two groups and plants in three groups. This was done purely on observation and that put Aristotle and his knowledgeable mind in the pedestal of the advancement and understanding of anything that is observable. This was also because Aristotle had a greater understanding of things which was also helped by his blessed head of his.