Final answer:
The Caucasus Mountains separate Georgia from Russia and contain Europe's highest peak, Mount Elbrus.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mountain range that separates Georgia from Russia is the Caucasus Mountains. This range is a significant geographical feature that not only marks the boundary between these two nations but also serves as the dividing line between the continents of Europe and Asia. The Mountains referred to as the Caucasus Mountains stretch from the west which is the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea to the east, containing some of the highest peaks in Europe including Mount Elbrus, which at 18,510 feet is the highest peak on the European continent and the highest in Russia.