Question

the famous greek historian herodotus one wrote that "egypt...is,so to speak,the gift of the nile." what did he mean and was he right?

Answer 1

he meant that the soil of Egypt is so good and fertile because of the nile depositing its sediment onto it. Egypt is only the way it is because of the nile.
He was right, without the nile, Egypt would just be a parched desert