According to Thomas Malthus, the rate of
 increase for human populations in relation to the
 rate of increase for food production was a
 problem. Malthus believed that
 (1) industrial development would severely limit
 population growth
 (2) famine and war were natural checks on
 population growth
 (3) countries with larger populations would
 conquer countries with smaller populations
 (4) food production would increase at a faster
 rate than populations would