What helped the Umayyad caliphs to expand their empire? The Byzantine and Persian empires were weak. They formed an alliance with the Franks. They used gunpowder to conquer their rivals. The Shiites and

What helped the Umayyad caliphs to expand their empire?

The Byzantine and Persian empires were weak.
They formed an alliance with the Franks.
They used gunpowder to conquer their rivals.
The Shiites and Sunnis put aside their differences.

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What helped the Umayyad caliphs to expand their empire? The Byzantine and Persian empires were weak. They formed an alliance with the Franks. They used gunpowder to conquer thei…

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