Question

Observable traits that characterize a certain market segment are collectively referred to as

Answer 1

Demographics

Step-by-step explanation:

Demographics was the answer if you axially paid attention...

Answer 2

I believe the answer is market segmentation.
Market segmentation usually created by companies in order to target a specific kind of consumers based on their similarties (such as gender, race, age, salary, etc). From those segments, they created the most suitable products and marketing plan to appeal to those specific consumers.