Question

When did the american medical association come into being, after which it began attacking "lay" doctors and institutionalized its authority through standardized programs of education and licensing?

Answer 1

The American Medical Association was officially established in 1847 when there began to be a demand for changes in how doctors were educated and how they practiced. Roughly one year after it's start in 1848 the American Medical Association began their attacks on "lay" doctors in order to reform the medical society in the US.