The options of the question are, A) Mesoamericans, B) Greeks, C) Africans, D) Arabs.
The correct answer is D) Arabs.
In the 1500s, new trade networks developed that went beyond those established by the Arabs.
The Arabs had established important trade networks before 1500s but after that date, the Europeans open new trade networks that went beyond those established by the Arabs. For instance, in the mid-1500s, the Portuguese traders opened fifty trading points between East Asia and West Africa, facilitating the commerce of products such as pepper, clover, and ginger.