Answer:
Research and Development
Step-by-step explanation:
The term research and development (R&D) has important business meaning that is independent of the traditional association with research and technological development.
In general, R&D activities are conducted by specialized units or research centers of companies, universities or state agencies. R&D defines technology as the set of knowledge methods and instruments.
In commercial terms, "research and development" usually refers to long-term and / or future-oriented activities related to science or technology, using techniques similar to the scientific method without predetermined results, but with general predictions of some kind commercial benefit.
Statistics from R&D organizations can express the state of an industry, the degree of competitiveness or the rate of scientific progress. Some common measures include: amount of research investment, number of patents, or number of publications of your employees.