Bread:
Area = π R²
16 in² = π R²
R² = 16 in² / π
The radius of the bun = √(16 in² / π) = 2.257 inches
-- The meat :
Area = side²
16 in² = side²
Side = √16 in² = 4 inches
Diagonal of the square = 4 √2 = 5.657 inches
1/2 of the burgerdiagonal = 2.828 inches .
If the meat is centered on the bun, then the corner of the burger
extends
(2.828 - 2.257) = 0.57 inch
rounded to the nearest hundredth inch.