Final answer:
The 1.0 M acid solution with the largest concentration of hydronium [H3O+] is H2SO4 (sulfuric acid). H2SO4 is a strong acid that completely ionizes in water, resulting in a high concentration of hydronium ions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The 1.0 M acid solution with the largest concentration of hydronium [H3O+] is H2SO4 (sulfuric acid).
When an acid dissolves in water, it donates hydrogen ions (H+) to form hydronium ions (H3O+). The concentration of hydronium ions is directly related to the strength of the acid. In this case, H2SO4 is a strong acid, meaning it completely ionizes in water, resulting in a high concentration of hydronium ions.
On the other hand, HNO2 (nitrous acid), H2CO3 (carbonic acid), and H3BO3 (boric acid) are all weak acids, meaning they only partially ionize in water and produce lower concentrations of hydronium ions.