I believe the answer would be the second option, this is because the text states that amazonencore has been publishing since 2009, which eliminates the other choices (the first uses the word 'now' claiming they 'now' publish books, the second is not stated in the passage, so it isnt important. The last option claims amazon went through 'conflicts' but it did not, in fact the kindle is an amazon product) If you have any questions, dont hesitate to ask! I hope this helped!