The answer is;
- Biotic – planktons
- Abiotic - temperatures
A biotic factor that affects viral activity is planktons and bacteria in the sea. Viruses insect bacteria, planktons and use their machinery to replicate themselves. Viruses, therefore, lyse and kill many bacteria in the seas and make carbon available in the oceans- hence drive the carbon cycle.
Temperature is an abiotic factor in the sea that affects viral activity. Higher temperatures or too cold waters will reduce viral activity in the oceans and seas.