Answer: 1) Pan-Arabism in the Middle East.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pan-Arabism is a secular Arab nationalist ideology that aspires to a cultural and political unity among Arab countries. It was founded by Michel Aflaq, with the pan-Arab nationalist program of the Ba'ath party, established in Syria in 1943, and eventually formed branches in different countries, becoming the ruling party in Syria and Iraq. However, it was former Egyptian president, Gamal Abdel Nasser, who became Pan-Arabism’s most effective proponent.