The answer is Patronage
The practice was prevalent, yet controversial during the United States' Gilder Age (approx. 1870-1900)
One of the most famous examples of the era is William M Tweed. He was the leader of the democratic party and had absolute control over the city of New York and the State.
He placed many of his friends in powerful police positions to strengthen his position and eventually develop a personal fortune estimated as high as $200 million.
He was eventually caught and jailed, where he died. After that, the system was gradually broken.