Answer:
The correct answer is option C, that is, plate tectonics and continental drift.
Step-by-step explanation:
The rate of extinction and speciation of organisms relies upon various factors, of which one is the spatial distribution of the species. The continental drift and tectonic movements make a small group of a specific species to distinguish or move away from the mainland that in turn results in speciation.
Some of the species that cannot cope and are not able to survive because of the lack of food and breeding may become extinct during the process. Thus, the correct answer is option C.