Final answer:
James Madison discusses the principle of checks and balances in the U.S. Constitution, which limits the powers of each branch of government to prevent tyranny and protect individual liberties.
Step-by-step explanation:
James Madison, in his discussions and writings, particularly in Federalist #51, focuses on the principle of checks and balances in the U.S. Constitution. He explains how each branch of government (executive, legislative, and judicial) has power over the others, ensuring that no single branch becomes too powerful. This mechanism is designed to prevent tyranny and protect liberty by making sure that justice is upheld in the government's operations. Additionally, Madison details how a republican government, defined by its derivation of power from the people and administration through elected officials, serves as a check on the power of factions and prevents the tyranny of the majority, emphasizing the importance of protecting the rights of the minority.