Hello from MrBillDoesMath! 
 
Answer: 
The number is 600
 
Discussion: 
 Percent means "per 100" or divided by 100. The Question is equivalent to
50 % * 120% * 30% * x = 108
where x is the number to be found. This is equivalent to
(50/100)* (120/100) * (30/100) * x = 108 => simplify fractions
(1/2) * (12/10) * ( 3/10) * x = 108 => as 3 * 12 = 36
36/ (2 * 10* 10) * x = 108 => 36 * 3 = 108. Divide by 36
1/(200) *x = 108/36 = 3 => multiply both sides by 200
x = 3 * 200 = 600
 
Thank you, 
 
MrB