OK soto find percentages or portions of a number you need to do this equation %/100 * x/#. Meaning that for example number one it would be 23/100 * x/52. And the process is to multiply the numbers opposite of each other and divide by 100. Which would give you 11.96. For instances like number two you would have to put the numbers depending on what they are for example 12/42 * x/100
Tell me if any of this makes sense and I can give you more explanation if you need help