1) Because 
 is a central angle, 
.
Since 
 and 
 are supplementary, they form a linear pair, and thus 

5) Tangents drawn from an external common point are congruent, so CR=CP=8 and RB=BQ=4. This means that QA=11, and so PA=11 as well. Adding CP+PA, we get AC=19.
6) By the inscribed angle theorem, angle QPR measures 36 degrees.