Answer:
The 13th Amendment supposedly ended chattel slavery in the South, but the South managed to limit these actions in the following ways. The 13th Amendment allows involuntary servitude if convicted of a crime, so this served as a loophole in the amendment. The Southern whites also created "black codes." This led to new types of offenses for not showing proper respect to white people or malicious mischief. However, these offenses could range from a felony to a misdemeanor. Therefore, several black people were wrongly convicted of "crimes."
Step-by-step explanation: