The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Although there are no options attached, we can say the following.
The two political ideologies that according to Chasteen have dominated Latin American history for the past five centuries are nationalism and liberalism.
Nationalism is the ideology that supports an extreme love for the culture, customs, history, and values of the country, including their historical figures. Under this ideology, countries reject external intromission form foreign countries.
On the other hand, there is liberalism, in which countries open to trade and the influence of private markest, including foreign investments- although it is not the best ideology to promote and support medium and low social classes.