Answer:
see explanation
Explanation:
Using the double angle identity for cosine
cos2x = 2cos²x - 1
Given
cos( 
 ) = 
( p + 
 ) , then
cosΘ = 2[ 
(p + 
 ) ]² - 1
 = 2 [ 
(p² + 2 + 
 ) ] - 1 ← distribute by 2
 = 
(p² + 2 + 
 ) - 1 ← distribute by 

 = 
 p² + 1 + 
 - 1 
 = 
 p² + 
 ← factor out 
 from each term
 = 
 ( p² + 
 ) ← as required