Question

Substituents on an aromatic ring can have several effects on electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Substituents can activate or deactivate the ring to substitution, donate or withdraw electrons inductively, donate or withdraw electrons through resonance, and direct substitution either to the ortho/para or to the meta positions.

1. From the following list, select the substituents that have the indicated property. The substituents are written as -XY, where X is the atom directly bound to the aromatic ring.
a. Activation of the ring towards substitution
i. -CF3
ii. -NO2
iii. -OCOCH3
iv. -NH2

Answer 1

iv. -NH₂

Step-by-step explanation:

The amine group is an activating substituent and provides an ortho-para orientation.

The free electrons in the nitrogen atom provide stabilization by resonance in the sigma complex if the attack by the electrophilic reactant occurs in the positions ortho or para with regards to the nitrogen atom.