Answer: C. Personification
Explanation: Figure of speech is a word or phrase with different meaning than the literal meaning. There are many types of it and Personification is one of them.
Personification is used when the author, writer or person is giving human traits to a non-human object, idea or animal.
The phrase "the river dictates all travel" si a Personification because the verb 'Dictate' is an action done particularly by humans. Its meaning is to give orders or tell someone what to do. In this case, the river influences the path traveled.