Question

Experiments that compare different participants in different conditions are known as ________designs. There are two basic forms of this design. The first is the ______design where participants are tested on the dependent variable only once following the manipulation. The second is the ________design where participants are tested on the dependent variable before and after the manipulation.

Answer 1

independent groups

posttest only

pretest/posttest

Step-by-step explanation:

Posttest-only and pretest/posttest are the two elementary structures for experiments with independent-groups designs.

A posttest only design is most useful when spontaneous behavior is required from the participants.

Pretest-posttest designs developed from the posttest only design to consider issues of assignment bias and allocation of the participants, as they can avoid selection effects.