Question

Identify at least one technology that uses digital encoding or transmission and explain how it does that. (examples could be some scientific equipment or medical equipment/devices)

Answer 1

digital telephone
it converts the voice analog signal to a digital form, allowing the device to directly connect to a digital transmission channel.

Answer 2

ISDN uses digital transmission encoding scheme known as 2 binary 1 quaternary or 2B1Q. The 2B1Q means that there are four possible signal levels and that each signal level encodes two bits of information.
Hope this helped :)