Question

An essay by ____ provided critics of the medical model with statistical evidence that rehabilitation efforts did nothing to lower recidivism rates.

Answer 1

​Robert Martinson

Step-by-step explanation:

After writing about his experiences in prisons, where he carried on research, American sociologist Robert Martinson claimed that rehabilitation programs did not work for convicted criminals who reoffended repeatedly. As a result, even though he later changed his mind, his findings were disputed at the time and caused the cancellation of several rehabilitation programs in the US.