The correct answer to this open question is the following.
By 1789, enlightened ideas permeated the ruling classes of the following European region: France.
After so many years of Dark Ages in the Middle Ages, the Enlightenment represented a new form of thinking in different fields of knowledge and arts. The Age of Enlightenment started somewhat at the end of the 17th century, the beginning of the 18th century in Europe. By 1789, enlightened ideas permeated the ruling classes of the following European region: France. Many thinkers and philosophers of the Enlightenment contributed to many changes in politics and society. We are talking about people like Montesquieu, Jean-Jaques Rosseau, Hobbes, and Locke.